The African penguin, Spheniscus demersus, is listed as Endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species due to the drastic reduction in population numbers over the last 20 years.To date, the only studies on immunogenetic variation in penguins have been conducted on the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes.It was shown in humans that up

The adoption and diffusion of innovations are essential for both the development of production processes and the improvement of agricultural environmental sustainability, at any stage of the value chain.In recent years, social scientists have studied the diffusion and adoption of Thermometer agricultural innovations from different approaches, such

Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs) continue to wreak havoc across the globe.Higher transmissibility and immunologic resistance of VOCs bring unprecedented challenges to epidemic extinguishment.Here we describe a monoclonal antibody, 2G1, that neutralizes all current VOCs and has surprisi

BackgroundScrub typhus is a dominant cause of febrile illness in many parts of Asia.Immunity is limited by the great strain diversity of Orientia tsutsugamushi.It is unclear whether previous infection protects from severe infection or enhances the risk.Methods/principal findingsWe studied IgG antibody levels against O.tsutsugamushi at presentation

Enzymatic saccharification is used to convert polysaccharides in lignocellulosic biomass to sugars which are then CLA (Conjugated Linoleic Acid) converted to ethanol or other bio-based fermentation products.The efficacy of commercial cellulase preparations can potentially increase if lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) is included.However, as